Bilateral treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation signed at Honolulu on 29 October 1857 between the French Empire and the Kingdom of the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Kingdom), and ratified by Emperor Napoléon III on 8 September 1858. The instrument establishes perpetual peace, reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation, most-favoured-nation treatment, freedom of religion for French subjects in the Hawaiian Kingdom, mutual rights of property and succession, consular protections, and shipwreck assistance. The document carries imperial Letters Patent issued in the name of "Napoléon, par la grâce de Dieu et la volonté nationale, Empereur des Français."
Why it matters
Foundational bilateral recognition of the Hawaiian Kingdom by the French Empire under Napoléon III. Together with the 1875 US Treaty of Reciprocity, this is one of the principal nineteenth-century instruments by which a Great Power recognised the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Crown — the antecedent sovereignty from which the present-day Polynesian Kingdom of Atooi claims continuity.
LanguageFrench / English (bilingual original)
Pages43
ProvenanceOriginal bilingual treaty volume held in the diplomatic archive of the Polynesian Kingdom of Atooi, in succession to the records of the Hawaiian Kingdom's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
NotarizationSigned at Honolulu on 29 October 1857 by Louis Émile Perrin, Chevalier de l'Ordre Impérial de la Légion d'Honneur, Consul and Commissioner of France near the Hawaiian Government; His Royal Highness Prince Lot Kamehameha, General Commander-in-Chief of Hawaiian Troops, Minister of the Interior, ad interim Minister of Finance, Member of the Privy Council and of the House of Nobles; and Robert Crichton Wyllie, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of State for War and the Marine, Member of the Privy Council and of the House of Nobles. Ratified under imperial seal by Napoléon III, Emperor of the French, on 8 September 1858, countersigned by the Minister.